World War I: German internment camps in Australia in pictures
Many of the more than 100,000 Germans living in Australia during the outbreak of World War I were jailed without trial in three main centres in New South Wales: Berrima in the Southern Highlands, Trial Bay on the North Coast and Holsworthy, in Liverpool in Sydney's west.
Holsworthy was the largest and longest-running internment camp, remaining open until the last internees and prisoners of war were repatriated in 1920.
According to the National Archives of Australia, the camp housed 6,000 men at its peak.
Germans, Italians and Slavs were housed at the camp, along with naturalised British and Australians of German descent.
Beginning as a collection of tents, the camp grew into a small town featuring theatres, restaurants and other small businesses, along with an orchestra and sporting and educational activities.
Detainees experienced difficult living conditions with overcrowding and basic sanitary facilities. Most inmates were ultimately deported in 1919 in a government-backed form of ethnic cleansing.
