Abortion was on 10 state ballots. Here's our guide to which reproductive rights measures passed and what didn't on Election Day.

Florida voters reject abortion rights amendment to the state constitution.

Abortion rights advocates and anti-abortion activists protest in front of the Supreme Court.
Abortion rights advocates and anti-abortion activists in front of the Supreme Court on June 24. (Aashish Kiphayet/Middle East Images via AFP)

Abortion emerged as a key hot-button issue in the 2024 election — the first presidential election since the U.S. Supreme Court’s Dobbs ruling in 2022, which overturned the landmark Roe v. Wade decision that established a federal right to abortion.

Former President Donald Trump boasted on the campaign trail that he was able to “kill Roe v. Wade” by appointing the justices that gave the court its current 6-3 conservative majority.

Vice President Kamala Harris said she would fight for safe, legal access to abortion if elected.

Over the past two years, abortion rights advocates have fiercely fought to reestablish reproductive freedom at the state level, either through legislation or citizen-led initiatives. Up until the 2024 election, every one of those initiatives prevailed for abortion rights advocates, even in red states like Kentucky and Kansas, where measures seeking to hinder abortion access have failed.

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Abortion rights activists hoped to carry that momentum into this year's election. So far, the results have been mixed. The majority of the measures have passed, but the unbeaten streak for abortion initiatives was broken. Voters in Florida and South Dakota rejected measures that would have overturned their states’ strict abortion bans.

Here’s where abortion is on the ballot:

  1. Arizona

  2. Colorado

  3. Florida

  4. Maryland

  5. Missouri

  6. Montana

  7. Nebraska

  8. Nevada

  9. New York

  10. South Dakota

Visit our live blog for the latest updates on the election.

Status: Passed.

What citizen-led Proposition 139 will do: Establish a fundamental right to abortion so that the state of Arizona can’t deny, restrict or interfere with an abortion before fetal viability (around 24 to 26 weeks).

Current abortion limit: Banned at 15 weeks and later.

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Needed to pass: More than 50% of the vote.

Status: Passed.

What citizen-led Amendment 79 will do: Enshrine the right to an abortion in the state constitution and allow the use of public funds for abortion.

Current abortion limit: No gestational limit; state Medicaid coverage of abortion care is banned except in very limited circumstances.

Needed to pass: Supermajority vote of 55%.

Status: Did not pass.

What citizen-led Amendment 4 would have done: Enshrine abortion rights in the state constitution, and the procedure would have remained legal until the fetus was considered viable by the patient’s health care provider.

Current abortion limit: Banned after six weeks.

Needed to pass: Supermajority vote of 60%.

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Status: Passed.

What Senate Bill 798 will do: Reproductive freedom rights will be enshrined in the state’s constitution to say that every person has the fundamental right, “including but not limited to the ability to make and effectuate decisions to prevent, continue, or end one’s own pregnancy.”

Current abortion limit: No gestational limit.

Needed to pass: More than 50% of the vote.

Status: Passed.

What citizen-led Amendment 3 will do: Amend the state’s constitution to protect a person’s right to reproductive freedom, including the ability to make decisions about all reproductive health care matters. The amendment will allow the state legislature to enact laws that regulate abortion after fetal viability.

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Current abortion limit: Total abortion ban with few exceptions.

Needed to pass: More than 50% of the vote.

Status: Passed.

What citizen-led Amendment CI-128 will do: Montana’s constitution will be amended to provide a state constitutional right for a person to make choices about their own pregnancy, including the right to abortion until fetal viability.

Current abortion limit: The procedure is legal until fetal viability.

Needed to pass: Greater than 50% of the vote.

Status: Nebraska Initiative 434, which prohibits abortion past the first trimester, passed. Nebraska Initiative 439, which would establish a constitutional right to an abortion, did not pass.

What the amendments would do: There were two competing citizen-led initiatives on the ballot. Nebraska Initiative 439 proposed to establish a state constitutional right to abortion before viability. Initiative 434 bans abortion after the first trimester.

Current abortion limit: Banned after 12 weeks.

Needed to pass: If both amendments receive more than 50% of the vote, the amendment with the greater number of "yes" votes wins.

Status: Passed.

What the citizen-led amendment will do: Question 6 asked voters whether they want to establish a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability in the state constitution, at which point the state can regulate abortion, except to protect the life or health of the pregnant person. The amendment will only go into effect if voters approve it again in 2026.

Current abortion limit: Banned after 24 weeks of pregnancy.

Status: Passed.

What the legislator-led amendment will do: It will protect abortion rights in New York’s state constitution by banning any kind of discrimination based on “ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability,” as well as “sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy.”

Current abortion limit: According to the N.Y. state attorney general: "People of all ages have the absolute right to abortion through the 24th week of pregnancy. After 24 weeks, abortion is permitted if your medical provider decides your fetus is not viable or your life, physical health, or mental health is at risk."

Needed to pass: More than 50% of the vote.

Status: Did not pass.

What citizen-led Amendment G would have done: Enshrine the right to abortion in the state constitution while also setting a framework for trimester regulations.

Current abortion limit: Banned with limited exceptions.

Needed to pass: More than 50% of the vote.

 Update, Nov. 6, 2024: This story was originally published on Sept. 20, 2024, and has been updated.